research for project 2

alcohol abuse

The term used for drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. The average male adult should only drink 4 units of alcohol a day or no more than 21 units a week. Where about's a female adult should only consume no more than 14 units a week or no more than 3 units a day. But in most modern day families and societies, people usually drink more excessively than 3 or 4 units a day and sometimes lead onto more of 7-10  at a minimum. Nearly 9 million people in the UK alone drink more than the daily allowance. England in 2012 there was a grand total of 6,490 alcohol related deaths. more than 7.5 million people are unaware of the problems they are causing themselves by drinking this excessive amount. The government is also to blame because since 1980 alcohol has became 61% more affordable.

I got all these facts off this website which is secondary research:

https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/help-and-advice/statistics-on-alcohol/


I have wrote a survey for people to respond to give me primary research. the link is below:

https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/BY9F378

People who have never drunk alcohol

Around 15% of people in the UK (aged 15+) are lifetime abstainers from alcohol.

Alcohol risk levels among all adults, including those who don’t drink:

People who don't drink

In England in 2013, 15% of men and 20% of women said that they had not drunk any alcohol in the last year.

Lower risk*

In 2013, 63% of men said that they had drunk in the last year and that their average weekly alcohol consumption was no more than 21 units. 64% of women said said that they had drunk in the last year and that their average weekly intake was no more than 14 units (the level of drinking defined as lower risk).

Above guideline: Increasing and higher risk*

In 2013, 18% of men said their average weekly alcohol consumption was more than 21 units but less than 50 units a week. Among women, 13% said their average weekly consumption was more than 14 but less than 35 units. These are levels above the ‘lower risk’ government guidelines and put people at increased risk of harm from alcohol.

High risk*

In 2013, 5% of men in England reported an average weekly consumption of alcohol that puts them at ‘high risk’ of harm, measured as drinking more than 50 units per week. For women, the equivalent figure is 3% who drank more than 35 units per week.

For men, high risk drinking was most likely between the ages of 55 and 64 (7%); among women there was little variation in the proportion who drank at this level between the ages of 16 and 64.

Scriptwriting Treatments:



Below is an image of a screen grab i took out of of the script we are reading. it is a drama presentation. In this image the script writer describes the characters and gives you an understanding of what they are like.

Research for scriptwriting project 1:


Abandonment issues:

abandonment issues can arise from numerous things. These are things such as death of a loved one or a divorce of parents, lack of physical or mental care of child. This can cause the fear of being abandoned, which could separate the child/ person from socialising with friends, family and/or peers in fear that they might leave and never come back. This results into always feeling alone. For many people this can be a cause for depression.


anger or mental issues:

People who have been previously abandoned by a parent or guardian will often get the fear of recurring past. Which means they could have problems at school, college, or work life. Some people who have been abandoned do not usually have anybody to speak to if they have problems or need advice so they usually go through everything on their own which builds up stress and anxiety of incase they break down in person.


Trauma:

People also gain trauma shocks from being abandoned. But their is a way around all this. They can get help from people such as therapists, counsellors, berivement counselling etc.


Help:

If you would like to help someone with abandonment issues you can always offer to listen to them, give them advice on a friendly matter; just basically be there for them if they need help or to vent. A little help goes a long way and can actually save someones life.

People with abandonment issues usually tend to have a lower self esteem and confidence. Which could knock them down and may even push them to drastic measures. If you just see them every now and then; chat to them, you could even be the friend they need in their life to hep them get through.

Case Example

• Adopted child's feelings of abandonment: Jerome, age 15, is struggling at school and getting in physical altercations with other students. The school counselor begins meeting with him twice per week to work on anger management and improving his performance and behavior at school. During sessions with the school counselor, Jerome reveals strong feelings of anger and resentment. In the course of their time together, Jerome opens up about feelings he has suppressed regarding being adopted as a young child. Jerome identifies resentment toward his birth parents for giving him up, as well as wishes to get to meet with his biological parents again, whom he has not seen since the adoption. The school counselor invites Jerome's adoptive family in for a meeting to better understand and support Jerome. Jerome and his adoptive family make plans for Jerome to reach out to to his birth family, while addressing how to proceed if his biological family does not agree to the meeting. Jerome also signs a behavior contract with the school counselor that includes goals for improving his behavior at school.

http://www.goodtherapy.org/therapy-for-abandonment.html

Communication skills:

Communication is key as they say. This is whyncommication is such an important skill in an interview scenario.

To have a strong communication with people, it factors into certain things like; body language, tone of voice, the way you act etc.

Your body language is crucial, you need to look relaxed but not to much to make you look lazy, but you don't want to be sat bolt upright and stiff. You need to look something a bit like this.

You don't want to be looking like this because its too informal and relaxed.

But you also can look to formal and it isn't as comfortable answering questions to somebody who looks like they are pressuring you. This can look like this

Active listening:

Active listening is where you always listen to the answers of your questions so you can adapt your next questions towards them. This is useful because the next question you have on your paper might not actually have anything to do with what they just said. Then it would seem all out of place. Shown below is a picture of someone demonstrating listening to the interviewee.

Telephone techniques:

Telephone techniques are good for hooking your interview. Interview techniques are characteristics such as being confident, a good understanding of knowledge on the interviewee or subject. It may also be good to sound professional and polite by remembering your manners and your punctuation.

Interview question types and structuring:

Open:

Open questions usually have more than one answer to them so you can add more of an opinion into the answers if you wish.

Closed:

These questions are when you can only answer with a yes or a no (or something as short as a simple answer.)

Single:

A type of question you can only get one answer from with a statement.

Multiple:

This is a type of question you can answer with numerous (or multiple) answers to finish the question

Direct:

When the only way to answer the question is with a direct answer.

Suggestive:

This is where the interviewer is basically asking you a question but then also suggesting an answer to you.

The structure:-

Introduction:

This is where you usually introduce your interviewee by saying their name, what they do, etc.

Developmental:

Developmental questions are where you ask your interviewee questions to develop a relationship with them.

Confidence building:

This is what you usually do when you are opening up an interview so it boosts there confidence and makes them feel like they are more in a relaxed environment.

Key:

Key questions are the main sources of where you will get information from the person that you are looking for. The details and how events unroll are usually found out during these questions.

Sound bite:

This is where you or the interviewee say a short line or phrase to remember you by.

Purpose of Interviews:

The main reason for interviews is usually to find out research or information of a certain topic, such as; publishing products, like movies, music, food, drink etc.

These interviews usually happen on things such as:

Radio:

Print:

Newspapers:

This all is used to find out information about the people, the paths they take and to give them an understanding. So it was used for enhancement of audience understanding, research, emotional purposes.

I think this is useful because fans of such people want yo find out as much information about them as they can, so these types of things are useful for them.

Issues in Factual Programming

Issues in Factual Programming:

Accuracy:

Accuracy is where you have to make sure you consistently know what your doing without making as few mistakes as possible so people will know they can trust your story. Also its about getting the correct story most accurately off eye witnesses and people involved in the story. Accuracy is one of the major attributes to factual programming. This is because time is of the essence so getting the development status out of the way to create the program itself.

Balance:

Balance is all about not making stories one sided so both sides of the story get balanced ideals by the viewers and corresponders. This is the make sure you can prevent biased views and pre judgements as much as possible. This is important to many story lines mainly because if you team with one side then they turn out to be the bad people it makes the viewer feel impartial and could even get annoyed to the point where they might even stop watching the show, so it is best to make every opinion equal to keep the watcher intrigued.

Impartiality:

Impartiality basically means not bringing in your own point of view whilst viewing both sides and opinions equally. This is to stop you from looking biased towards one side which could convince viewers to pair on your side which messes up the balance. impartiality is a bad thing to insert into a script because it can scale upwards to propaganda. Which if the program was a non-fictional documentary then inserting your own opinion into it can ruin the story line and facts behind the matter.

Bias:

Whilst filming it is important that you manage to get footage of every side and opinion on both sides to make it look less bias. This is to stop opinionating and siding unevenly. Biased views leave negative impacts on the program and its potential which could ruin the season/ set of the programmes set ahead.

Representation:

Representation is basically a word which sums up stereotyping and what everything is proclaimed to be. You have to make sure you dont stereotype at all during factual programming recording. If you stereotype during a program you could be faced with libel and ethical issues because of minor (or even major) cases of racism.

Privacy:

This is making sure everybody who is involved, Their privacy details remain with you and you do not sell them to third party companies and you have to keep all the forms which allow you to prove they give you permission forms to record them and involve them. This is to protect the personal information of the staff involved and to keep their identities safe.

Contact with the staff:

This is to make sure you have contact details with the people involved with the program to make sure everybody has the right equipment, times and dates, and details of parking and where the set is. Also it is good to keep in contact with all staff in case they become ill so you can get somebody else in to cover for that person who is ill.

Documentary Conventions:


Expository:

Expository is a word that means to be intended to find out information or to describe something. This can be on documentaries with people such as Ross Kemp, Danny Dyer etc.


Observervational:

Observational documentaries are when they have no voice over, so the camera men just record things that happen in front of them so you can interpret what happens in your own way so nothing will influence you.

Interactive:

Interactive is where if you are watching a documentary online and there will be additions to the documentary where you can collect data from hyperlinks with things such as pictures, text, a separate video to get information on a certain part of the documentary.


Reflexive:

Reflexive documentaries are where they express the nature of the documentary by using things such as voiceovers to describe what is happening at a certain scene, re-creational scene's to give more detail on the matter without actually harming anybody in the process.


Performative:

Performative documentaires are where the director usually involves the audience. They do this by going out to real life people off the streets and involving them in the conversations and the debates on the scenario


Realism:

Realism documentaries are about telling the truth, what the documentaries entail are what everybodys situatuions inside of this. They have these types of documentaries for people who want to find out information on the subject.

Dramatization:

  Dramatization documentaries are ususally the ones which have re-creational videos on how the subject matter unfolds, without anybody getting hurt in the prosess.

Charlie brooker

Russell T Davies, Dr who went in to TV production to meet writer and get to know them, he was 30 when he started writing, he wrote a children program called why don't you? He was happy when he first saw his work on television. He improvises names then makes them up

Paul abbot, shameless and state or play, he wanted to be a surgeon but then he started writing. He needed it as a vent valve, he wrote for Jackie magazine, within a year of that he was on coronation street, 10 hours a day non stop, now he gets 3 days out of 10. He has to pay people to force him to sit down and write

Graham lineham, father ted. It crowd, wrote to producer and  we have sketch's that will save you. Visual gags. He starts panicking for ideas then research online and thinks of if anything he thought was funny, used a real life news report in the it crowd and uses moss to be the director of the Iraq war.

Jesse Armstrong and Sam bain, peep show and fresh meat , 1st job was dockety show, they did sketches and comedies, did children comedies, wrote sketches for radio 4 they do a lot of detailed scene by scene breakdowns then write dialogue after, they try get someone else in to bounce ideas off, starting without a story outline can hurt you apparently.

Tony Jordan, EastEnders Sent a spect script (sample of work)  in to BBC London and they didn't like the script but they likes him and got him to write EastEnders, writes at 11, has a break at half 11, works from  1 until 2, then realize he hasn't done anything and start again at 6, he enjoys starting on a blank sheet of work. For dialogue he uses the same heading then he will think what the characters will say then have a conversation in his own head

Journalistic Contexts:

Newspaper:

This is a print context. The reason this is a print context is because newspapers are printed by the publisher such as, The Sun, The Daily Star, The Guardian etc. interviews inside of newspapers are usually found in the article section. For example this is an interview from The Sun:

Television:

This is a television context. Television contexts are when something is publicly broadcasted or streamed, live or not unto a television with types such as, documentaries, news, chat shows etc. Interviews are usually found in things such as documentaires, news broadcasting's etc.
you can find stuff like this online too at:


News:

Chat shows:

Documentaries:

Radio:

Radio is a context of its own. Radio contexts are interviews which are broadcasted onto radio stations such as, Capital fm, Radio 1, Hallam Fm, etc.

you can find interviews in places such as:

Radio 1:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00723g0

Capital Fm:

 http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/david-guetta/news/martin-garrix-new-song/#dSFIrA14SFVJFS4O.97


  Online magazines/Articles:

Online magazines are apart of online contexts. This is because any information where interviews or any other production of news you want is easily accessible online because you type the story you want into a search engine then you will find it on places such as.

Interview Magazine:

http://www.interviewmagazine.com/

Empire Magazine:

http://www.empireonline.com/

Red Online:

http://www.redonline.co.uk/red-women/interviews

Studio Newsreaders:

Studio News reporters are indoor broadcasting a headline or story, which is of importance at the time of casting. If the news report needs to leave the studio they will provide a link to the field reporters who will be “in the action.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7ZBnNu_iAI

timestamps:

0:49

1:20

2:23

Field Reporters:

Field reporters are the ones that are put in the centre of the action. They usually get linked to and from the studio with acquiring details more of the story. It can be either a pre recording (documented) or a live feed to where the story is taking place.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGcRoJBq0Wk

Timestamps:

0:45

2:31

Links To The Studio:

Links to the studio are when a studio reporter will switch over to a field reporter or visa versa. It is where the studio reporter will be talking about something but then needing to switch over to the field reporter who is at the place of action, so then they say “ and here is john smith in **** in the centre of the action.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1u5bPJUHZM

Timestamps:

1:07

1:38

Mode Of Address:

Mode of address is defined by the use of formal and informal language. It is determined on if the newscaster is using slang, or abbreviated terms. Different news shows use this such as the BBC news crew are sober and formal, and BBC Three news cast are quite relaxed and use a slight bit of slang.

BBC Three news

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2MMQKKqMhY

BBC news

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgR5AFsqaIY

0:43 introduction

Interviewing:

Interviewing is a technique used to gain important information from a source

Examples of different interview types:

combative:

Paxman vs Brand

In this video Jeremy Paxman is interviewing Russell Brand about political involvement which starts to get vigilant and combative. combative is where things start to get heated and become more of a worded fight than a debate.


Lighthearted/ entertainment:

Daniel Radcliffe Raps Blackalicious' "Alphabet Aerobics"

In this video Daniel Radcliffe was on an american television show, speaking about when he used to learn fast raps from artists such as Eminem and Plan B. Then the TV show host asks Daniel to do the rap.

Investigative:

Interview with police spokesman Charles Owino on the serve and suffer investigative story:

In this interview straight at the start the interviewer asked if any of the police officers that have been interviewed will not be discriminated on for what they say trying to find out information. investigative interviews are about finding out information and investigating a problem or circumstances.

Promotional interview:

Promotional video:

In this interview the interviewee is promoting their new film they was in. The interviewer usually tends to ask questions about the film to find out information to get the viewer hooked and want tto watch the film. This is called publicly broadcasting.